What is hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is an infection of the liver that is caused by a virus and spread through contact with the blood of an infected person. Some people can have hepatitis C for years without feeling sick, or may just have minor symptoms. If the infection is not treated, it can cause the liver to swell and become inflamed. Over time, this can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, and possibly liver failure. As the disease develops, symptoms of liver damage may appear.

What are the types of hepatitis C infection?

Acute: A short-term infection that occurs within 6 months after a person is exposed to the virus. However, about 75 to 85 percent of people with the acute form go on to develop the chronic form.

Chronic: A long-term illness that can continue throughout a person’s life. It can lead to cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver and other serious problems, such as liver failure or cancer. About 15,000 people a year die from liver disease associated with hepatitis C.

What causes hepatitis C?

  • An infected person shares needles or syringes for injecting intravenous (IV) drugs. Even people who have used IV drugs infrequently may be at risk for infection.
  • Healthcare workers who accidentally stick themselves with needles used on infected patients are at risk of getting hepatitis C.
  • Patients who received donated blood or blood products or who had organ transplants before 1992 are at higher risk for hepatitis C.
  • Sharing a razor, toothbrush or other personal item that may have come into contact with the blood of an infected person.
  • Becoming infected through body piercing or tattooing, if the facility does not use sterile equipment or does not follow infection control practices.

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis C?

  • Aches in the joints or muscles
  • Mild fatigue (feeling tired)
  • Nausea (feeling sick to the stomach)
  • Loss of appetite
  • Tenderness in the area of the liver
  • Symptoms of liver damage associated with chronic hepatitis may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), itching, and slowed thinking.

How is hepatitis C (HCV) diagnosed?

The first blood test is antibody testing for hepatitis C (HCV). (The body makes antibodies in response to an infectious substance, such as a virus.) If antibodies are found, that means that the person was exposed to hepatitis C (HCV) at some point. A blood test called a PCR RNA can determine if the blood is still infected with the active virus. If the result is positive, it means that the person is currently infected with hepatitis C (HCV). If the PCR RNA is negative but the antibody testing was positive, this means that the patient has been exposed to the virus in the past but currently does not have an active infection.

hepatitis C

 

How is hepatitis C (HCV) treated?

 

These are the medications approved for treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) infection:

  1. Sofosbuvir
  2. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  3. Simeprevir
  4. Daclatasvir
  5. Elbasvir/grazoprevir
  6. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  7. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
  8. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir
  9. Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir

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Can hepatitis C (HCV) be prevented?

There is no vaccine against hepatitis C (HCV). The only way to prevent infection is to avoid contact with infected blood. Hepatitis C (HCV) cannot be spread by coughing, sneezing or sharing eating utensils. People should not be kept away from school, work, or other social settings because they have hepatitis C (HCV).

Here are some precautions that may prevent the spread of hepatitis C (HCV):

  • Do not share personal care items, such as toothbrushes or razors, with others.
  • Practice safe sex by using condoms.
  • Don’t share needles or syringes.
  • Wear gloves when handling another person’s blood.
  • Use sterile equipment for body piercings or tattoos.
  • If you are a healthcare worker, follow recommended safety measures.

What is the prognosis (outlook) for someone who has hepatitis C (HCV)?

You can continue to lead an active life even if you are diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV). People with the disease can work and continue their regular daily activities. However, it is very important that you see a specialist as soon as you are diagnosed with hepatitis C (HCV). There are many treatments available that can cure the virus.

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